美國海洋實驗室協會 (The U.S. National Association of Marine Laboratories),一個由100多個成員實驗室組成的組織發表立場文件,指日本缺乏足夠準確的科學數據支持排放核污水的安全性,相反有大量數據顯示釋放放射性污水存在嚴重隱憂,促請日本政府停止排污計劃,並與更廣泛的科學界別合作。
The crucial step in the Fukushima wastewater release is the operation of advanced liquid processing system (ALPS) to treat the nuclear waste. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) claims that all radioactive substances, except for tritium, can be completely removed from the wastewater, including:
- Cobalt-60 (half-life of 5 years) - Strontium-90 (half-life of 29 years) - Cesium-137 (half-life of 30 years) - Carbon-14 (half-life of 5,730 years) - Iodine-129 (half-life of 15.7 million years)
However, according to a report by the ALPS Subcommittee in Japan, 73% of the treated wastewater, out of 1.32 million tons, still exceeded the acceptable levels of radioactive substances. TEPCO claimed that the wastewater would undergo "secondary treatment," but no further data has been provided thus far.
Furthermore, ALPS has faced numerous issues since its operation. In 2016, the system was found to have four leaks. In 2018, the Japanese Kyodo News revealed that radioactive elements such as iodine and cesium in the "treated water" exceeded the permissible limits. In 2021, over half of the ALPS filters were found to be damaged, despite having been replaced just two years before.
TEPCO itself has a history of concealing and falsifying records regarding nuclear power plant safety. In 2002, it was revealed that TEPCO had tampered with or fabricated safety inspection records for nearly 20 years, leading to the resignation of top executives. In 2007, TEPCO admitted to falsifying inspection data in 199 instances since 1977 at Fukushima Daiichi and Daini nuclear power plants, concealing reactor malfunctions.
In 2021, it was exposed that TEPCO had concealed the damage to ALPS filters. In October 2022, Tokyo Shimbun reported that TEPCO misled visitors with faulty radiation measurement devices to prove the safety of the "ALPS-treated water."
The U.S. National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML), an organization composed of over 100 member laboratories, published a position paper stating that Japan lacks sufficient accurate scientific data to support the safety of releasing nuclear wastewater. On the contrary, ample data indicates serious concerns regarding the release of radioactive wastewater. NAML urged the Japanese government to halt the discharge plan and collaborate with a broader scientific community.
詳細資料如下: - 根據IAEA的總結報告,許多被納入檢測的放射性物質在日本的ALPS處理水中永遠無法檢測到,但總共有10種放射性元素常規地被檢測到。包含3H (氚)、14C (碳-14)、99Tc (鎝-99,僅具有β放射性)、134Cs (銫-134)、137Cs (銫-137)、60Co (鈷-60)、125Sb (銻-125)、106Ru (釕-106)、90Sr (鍶-90)、129I (碘-129)。IAEA認為隨著過濾的經驗值增加,未來可以放寬關對於檢測物質的保守度。原文:IAEA notes that many radionuclides included in the source term will never be detected in ALPS treated water. Only the “7 major radionuclides” (134Cs, 137Cs, 60Co, 125Sb, 106Ru, 90Sr, 129I) plus tritium, 14C and 99Tc can be routinely detected in samples of ALPS treated water. There would therefore appear to be ample scope to relax the conservativism of the source term in the future as operational experience is gained. (資料:原能會 2023/7/7 、IAEA調查團針對日本ALPS處理水排放總結報告 Page 59)
IAEA Presents Monitoring Data from Japan on Treated Water Release from Fukushima Daiichi
The IAEA is providing live data from Japan on the release of treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) on the IAEA website.